Comparing HSK and TOCFL for Learners in Singapore
If you’re learning Chinese and planning to certify your proficiency, you’ll likely come across two major exams: HSK (Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì) and TOCFL (Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language / 華語文能力測驗). While both assess Mandarin skills, they serve different regions and purposes. In this article, we’ll break down the key differences to help you choose the right one for your goals—whether you’re in Singapore or elsewhere.
What Is the HSK and Who Should Take It?
The HSK is the official Chinese language proficiency test issued by Hanban, under China’s Ministry of Education. It’s widely recognized across Mainland China and internationally, especially by universities and employers.
• The HSK has 6 levels (HSK 1–6) under the older system and 9 bands (HSK 1.0–3.0) under the new reform.
• It tests listening, reading, and writing, and speaking is optional via HSKK (HSK Speaking Test).
• HSK is often required for study or work visas in China, and for enrolling in Chinese universities.
If you’re planning to study, work, or live in Mainland China, or if you’re learning Simplified Chinese, the HSK is your best option.
Understanding the TOCFL: Taiwan’s Official Mandarin Exam
TOCFL is the official Mandarin proficiency test issued by Taiwan’s Ministry of Education. It’s geared towards learners of Traditional Chinese characters and is increasingly recognized by Taiwanese universities and employers.
• The TOCFL features four bands: Novice, Band A (basic), Band B (intermediate), and Band C (advanced), with 6 official levels.
• It focuses on listening and reading skills, with optional speaking and writing tests.
• If you’re applying for Taiwan scholarships, universities, or government work, TOCFL is the test of choice.
Learners interested in Taiwanese culture, Traditional characters, or careers in Taiwan will benefit more from TOCFL.
Key Differences in Format, Content, and Levels
| Feature | HSK | TOCFL |
| Issued by | China | Taiwan |
| Writing System | Simplified Chinese | Traditional Chinese |
| Number of Levels | 6 (old), 9 (new HSK 3.0) | 6 (across 4 bands) |
| Skill Areas | Listening, Reading, Writing (Speaking optional) | Listening, Reading (Speaking/Writing optional) |
| Recognition | Mainland China, Confucius Institutes, global | Taiwan, select global institutions |
| Vocabulary Load | ~5,000 words for HSK 6 | ~8,000 words for Band C |
| Online Practice Tools | Many, especially on Chinese platforms | Less widespread but growing |
Which Test Should You Choose Based on Your Goals?
Still unsure which one suits you? Here’s a simple guide:
Choose HSK if you:
• Want to study or work in Mainland China
• Are learning Simplified Chinese
• Want broad global recognition and more practice resources
Choose TOCFL if you:
• Plan to move, study, or work in Taiwan
• Prefer learning Traditional characters
• Want deeper cultural immersion in Taiwanese Mandarin